Ethernet Virtual Private Network (EVPN) using an Internet Protocol Version 6 Segment Routing (SRv6) Underlay Network and SRv6-enhanced Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) Signaling

ABSTRACT

In one embodiment, Ethernet Virtual Private Network (EVPN) is implemented using Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) Segment Routing (SRv6) underlay network and SRv6-enhanced Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) signaling. A particular route associated with a particular Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) Segment Routing (SRv6) Segment Identifier (SID) is advertised in a particular route advertisement message of a routing protocol (e.g., BGP). The SID includes a locator of a particular router and a function encoding representing a particular EVPN end function of the particular router, with the particular SID including a routable prefix to the particular router. The particular router receives a particular packet including the particular SID; and in response, the particular router performs the particular EVPN end function on the particular packet. In one embodiment, the particular packet includes a Segment Routing Header (SRH) including the particular SID as the currently active SID.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/525,439, filed Jun. 27, 2017, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present disclosure relates generally to sending of packets through a packet network, such as, but not limited to, according to Segment Routing of packets through a packet network.

BACKGROUND

The communications industry is rapidly changing to adjust to emerging technologies and ever increasing customer demand. This customer demand for new applications and increased performance of existing applications is driving communications network and system providers to employ networks and systems having greater speed and capacity (e.g., greater bandwidth). In trying to achieve these goals, a common approach taken by many communications providers is to use packet switching technology. Packets are typically forwarded in a network forwarded based on one or more values representing network nodes or paths.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The appended claims set forth the features of one or more embodiments with particularity. The embodiment(s), together with its advantages, may be understood from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:

FIG. 1A illustrates a network operating according to one embodiment;

FIG. 1B illustrates a process according to one embodiment;

FIG. 1C illustrates a process according to one embodiment;

FIG. 1D illustrates different Segment Routing (SR) packet formats according to one embodiment;

FIG. 2A illustrates a packet switching device according to one embodiment;

FIG. 2B illustrates an apparatus according to one embodiment;

FIG. 3A illustrates a SRv6 Type-Length-Value (TLV) according to one embodiment;

FIG. 3B illustrates SRv6-SID information according to one embodiment;

FIG. 3C illustrates SRv6-VPN encoding according to one embodiment;

FIG. 4A illustrates a SRv6-enhanced Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) route advertisement message according to one embodiment; and

FIG. 4B illustrates a SRv6-enhanced Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) route advertisement message according to one embodiment.

DESCRIPTION OF EXAMPLE EMBODIMENTS 1. Overview

Disclosed are, inter alia, methods, apparatus, computer-storage media, mechanisms, and means associated with Ethernet Virtual Private Network (EVPN) using Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) Segment Routing (SRv6) underlay network and SRv6-enhanced Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) signaling.

One embodiment includes: advertising, in a network via a particular route advertisement message of a routing protocol, a particular route associated with a particular Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) Segment Routing (SRv6) Segment Identifier (SID), with the SID including a locator of a particular router and a function encoding representing a particular Ethernet Virtual Private Network (EVPN) end function of the particular router, with the particular SID including a routable prefix to the particular router; receiving, by the particular router, a particular packet including the particular SID; and in response to said received particular packet including the particular SID, the particular router performing the particular EVPN end function on the particular packet.

One embodiment includes: receiving an advertisement of the particular route being associated with the particular SID by an ingress router in the network; receiving an Ethernet frame by the ingress router; encapsulating the Ethernet frame into the particular packet by the ingress router; and sending the particular packet into the network by the ingress router; wherein said performing the particular EVPN end function on the particular packet includes decapsulating the Ethernet frame from the packet and sending the Ethernet frame from the particular router.

In one embodiment, the particular packet includes a Segment Routing Header (SRH) including the particular SID as the currently active SID. In one embodiment, the routing protocol is Border Gateway Protocol, and the particular route advertising message advertises a BGP route type 1, 2, 3, or 5, and associated with a particular SRv6-VPN Type Length Value (TLV) including the particular SID. In one embodiment, the particular route advertising message includes advertising the particular route being associated with one or more BGP Multiprotocol Label Switching-based (MPLS-based) EVPN labels for which to use in an MPLS packet to invoke corresponding BGP MPLS-based EVPN functionality on a corresponding MPLS packet by the particular router.

One embodiment includes receiving, by an ingress router, an advertisement of the particular route being associated with both the particular SID and said one or more MPLS-EVPN labels; receiving an Ethernet frame by the ingress router; encapsulating the Ethernet frame into the particular packet by the ingress router; and sending the particular packet into the network by the ingress router. In one embodiment, performing the particular EVPN end function on the particular packet includes decapsulating the Ethernet frame from the packet and sending the Ethernet frame from the particular router.

One embodiment includes: receiving, by a second ingress router, an advertisement of the particular route being associated with both the particular SID and said one or more MPLS-EVPN labels; receiving a second Ethernet frame by the second ingress router; encapsulating the second Ethernet frame into a particular MPLS packet by the second ingress router; sending the particular MPLS packet into the network by the second ingress router; and performing said corresponding BGP MPLS-based EVPN functionality on the particular MPLS packet which includes decapsulating the second Ethernet frame from the particular MPLS packet and sending the second Ethernet frame from the particular router.

2. Description

Disclosed are, inter alia, methods, apparatus, computer-storage media, mechanisms, and means associated with EVPN using a SRv6 Underlay Network and SRv6-enhanced Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) signaling. As used herein Segment Routing refers to SRv6. Also, a segment identifier (SID) related to SRv6 typically refers to an IPv6 address, however, it also includes other SRv6 encoding(s) (e.g., compact encoding of SIDs) if so used in the embodiment.

As used herein, a node is a device in a network; a router (also referred to herein as a packet switching device) is a node that forwards received packets not explicitly addressed to itself (e.g., an L2 or L3 packet switching device); and a host is any node that is not a router.

The term “route” is used to refer to a fully or partially expanded prefix (e.g., 10.0.0.1, 10.0.*.*, BGP Network Layer Reachability Information (NLRI), EVPN NLRI), which is different than a “path” through the network which refers to a nexthop (e.g., next router) or complete path (e.g., traverse router A then router B, and so on). Also, the use of the term “prefix” without a qualifier herein refers to a fully or partially expanded prefix.

Embodiments described herein include various elements and limitations, with no one element or limitation contemplated as being a critical element or limitation. Each of the claims individually recites an aspect of the embodiment in its entirety. Moreover, some embodiments described may include, but are not limited to, inter alia, systems, networks, integrated circuit chips, embedded processors, ASICs, methods, and computer-readable media containing instructions. One or multiple systems, devices, components, etc., may comprise one or more embodiments, which may include some elements or limitations of a claim being performed by the same or different systems, devices, components, etc. A processing element may be a general processor, task-specific processor, a core of one or more processors, or other co-located, resource-sharing implementation for performing the corresponding processing. The embodiments described hereinafter embody various aspects and configurations, with the figures illustrating exemplary and non-limiting configurations. Computer-readable media and means for performing methods and processing block operations (e.g., a processor and memory or other apparatus configured to perform such operations) are disclosed and are in keeping with the extensible scope of the embodiments. The term “apparatus” is used consistently herein with its common definition of an appliance or device.

The steps, connections, and processing of signals and information illustrated in the figures, including, but not limited to, any block and flow diagrams and message sequence charts, may typically be performed in the same or in a different serial or parallel ordering and/or by different components and/or processes, threads, etc., and/or over different connections and be combined with other functions in other embodiments, unless this disables the embodiment or a sequence is explicitly or implicitly required (e.g., for a sequence of read the value, process said read value—the value must be obtained prior to processing it, although some of the associated processing may be performed prior to, concurrently with, and/or after the read operation). Also, nothing described or referenced in this document is admitted as prior art to this application unless explicitly so stated.

The term “one embodiment” is used herein to reference a particular embodiment, wherein each reference to “one embodiment” may refer to a different embodiment, and the use of the term repeatedly herein in describing associated features, elements and/or limitations does not establish a cumulative set of associated features, elements and/or limitations that each and every embodiment must include, although an embodiment typically may include all these features, elements and/or limitations. In addition, the terms “first,” “second,” etc., as well as “particular” and “specific” are typically used herein to denote different units (e.g., a first widget or operation, a second widget or operation, a particular widget or operation, a specific widget or operation). The use of these terms herein does not necessarily connote an ordering such as one unit, operation or event occurring or coming before another or another characterization, but rather provides a mechanism to distinguish between elements units. Moreover, the phrases “based on x” and “in response to x” are used to indicate a minimum set of items “x” from which something is derived or caused, wherein “x” is extensible and does not necessarily describe a complete list of items on which the operation is performed, etc. Additionally, the phrase “coupled to” is used to indicate some level of direct or indirect connection between two elements or devices, with the coupling device or devices modifying or not modifying the coupled signal or communicated information. Moreover, the term “or” is used herein to identify a selection of one or more, including all, of the conjunctive items. Additionally, the transitional term “comprising,” which is synonymous with “including,” “containing,” or “characterized by,” is inclusive or open-ended and does not exclude additional, unrecited elements or method steps. Finally, the term “particular machine,” when recited in a method claim for performing steps, refers to a particular machine within the 35 USC § 101 machine statutory class.

Disclosed are, inter alia, methods, apparatus, computer-storage media, mechanisms, and means associated with EVPN using a SRv6 Underlay Network and SRv6-enhanced Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) signaling.

FIG. 1A illustrates network 100 operating according to one embodiment. As shown, network 100 includes client networks 101 and 103 (which are the same network in one embodiment) external to network 110, which includes edge nodes (e.g., SRv6 and/or MPLS) 111 and 113 and a network 112 of nodes (e.g., routers, hosts, gateways, and service functions) some, none, or all of which may be SR-capable nodes. In response to receiving a native packet, a SR edge node 111, 113 identifies a SR policy (e.g., list of one or more segments) through or to which to forward a SR packet encapsulating the native packet. These policies can change in response to network conditions, network programming, route advertisements, etc. SR edge nodes 111 and 113 also decapsulate native packets from SR packets and forward the native packets into network 101 and 103.

FIG. 1B illustrates a process according to one embodiment. Processing begins with process block 120. In process block 122, SR nodes (e.g., routers) in the SR networks continuously advertise and exchange segment and routing information via one or more routing protocols and/or via one or more label distribution protocols. In one embodiment, a BGP route advertisement includes SRv6 EVPN information including one or more SIDs. In one embodiment, a BGP route advertisement includes SRv6 EVPN information (e.g., including one or more SIDs) and MPLS EVPN information. In one embodiment, a BGP route advertisement includes SRv6 EVPN information (e.g., including one or more SIDs) and an implicit null in each label field MPLS EVPN information signaling that the advertising node does not support MPLS EVPN but supports SRv6 EVPN. In process block 124, SR edge devices (e.g., SRv6 headends) continuously update their SR policies as needed. Processing of the flow diagram of FIG. 1B is complete as indicated by process block 129.

FIG. 1C illustrates a process performed by a SR edge router according to one embodiment. Processing begins with process block 130. In process block 132, a packet is received. In process block 134, an ingress lookup operation is performed based on the packet to determine processing information. As determined in process block 135, if the packet was received on an external network interface and will be sent into a SRv6 or MPLS network, then processing proceeds to process block 136, else processing proceeds to process block 141. As determined in process block 141, if the packet was received on a SRv6 or MPLS network interface and will be sent to an external network, then processing proceeds to process block 142, else processing proceeds to process block 148 wherein the packet is processed normally and processing proceeds to process block 149.

Continuing in process block 136, the received native packet is encapsulated into a SRv6 packet with a SRv6 encapsulating header with at least one SID identifying an EVPN End Function according to a corresponding policy, and processing proceeds to process block 138.

Continuing in process block 142, the native packet is removed from being encapsulated in the received SRv6 or MPLS packet; in process block 144, the Segment Routing EVPN End Function identified from the SID in the received SRv6 packet is performed or the EVPN function identified by an MPLS label is performed; and processing proceeds to process block 145. As determined in process block 145, if an egress lookup operation is to be performed as part of the EVPN function being applied, then processing proceeds to process block 138. Otherwise, in process block 146, the native packet is forwarded from one or more corresponding interfaces as part of the EVPN function being applied, and processing proceeds to process block 149.

Continuing with process block 138, an egress lookup operation is performed on the outbound packet to determine forwarding information, with the packet being forwarded accordingly. Processing proceeds to process block 149.

Continuing in process block 149, processing of the flow diagram of FIG. 1C is complete as indicated by process block 149.

FIG. 1D illustrates a Segment Routing (SR) packet 160 according to one embodiment. As shown, SR packet 160 (e.g. SRv6 packet) includes a SR encapsulating header 162 and native packet 169. SR encapsulating header 162 includes an IPv6 header 167 and one or more SR headers (SRHs) 168.

FIGS. 2A-B and their discussion herein provide a description of various SRv6 and/or MPLS nodes according to one embodiment.

FIG. 2A illustrates one embodiment of a packet switching device 200 (e.g., SR-capable router and/or MPLS-capable router) according to one embodiment. As shown, packet switching device 200 includes multiple line cards 201 and 205, each with one or more network interfaces for sending and receiving packets over communications links (e.g., possibly part of a link aggregation group), and with one or more processing elements that are used in one embodiment associated with EVPN using a SRv6 Underlay Network and SRv6-enhanced Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) signaling. Packet switching device 200 also has a control plane with one or more processing elements 202 for managing the control plane and/or control plane processing of packets associated with EVPN using a SRv6 Underlay Network and SRv6-enhanced Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) signaling. Packet switching device 200 also includes other cards 204 (e.g., service cards, blades) which include processing elements that are used in one embodiment to process (e.g., forward/send, drop, manipulate, change, modify, receive, create, duplicate, perform SR gateway functionality possibly with shared memory with one or more service functions, apply a service according to one or more service functions) packets associated with EVPN using a SRv6 Underlay Network and SRv6-enhanced Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) signaling, and some hardware-based communication mechanism 203 (e.g., bus, switching fabric, and/or matrix, etc.) for allowing its different entities 201, 202, 204 and 205 to communicate. Line cards 201 and 205 typically perform the actions of being both an ingress and egress line card, in regards to multiple other particular packets and/or packet streams being received by, or sent from, packet switching device 200. In one embodiment, SRv6 EVPN processing of packets is implemented by packet switching device 200 (e.g., on one or more of line cards 201, 205, on a service card 204).

FIG. 2B is a block diagram of an apparatus 220 used in one embodiment associated with EVPN using a SRv6 Underlay Network and SRv6-enhanced Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) signaling. In one embodiment, apparatus 220 performs one or more processes, or portions thereof, corresponding to one of the flow diagrams illustrated or otherwise described herein, and/or illustrated in another diagram or otherwise described herein.

In one embodiment, apparatus 220 includes one or more processor(s) 221 (typically with on-chip memory), memory 222 (possibly shared memory), storage device(s) 223, specialized component(s) 225 (e.g. optimized hardware such as for performing lookup and/or packet processing operations and/or service function, associative memory, binary and/or ternary content-addressable memory, etc.), and interface(s) 227 for communicating information (e.g., sending and receiving packets, user-interfaces, displaying information, etc.), which are typically communicatively coupled via one or more communications mechanisms 229 (e.g., bus, links, switching fabric, matrix), with the communications paths typically tailored to meet the needs of a particular application.

Various embodiments of apparatus 220 may include more or fewer elements. The operation of apparatus 220 is typically controlled by processor(s) 221 using memory 222 and storage device(s) 223 to perform one or more tasks or processes. Memory 222 is one type of computer-readable/computer-storage medium, and typically comprises random access memory (RAM), read only memory (ROM), flash memory, integrated circuits, and/or other memory components. Memory 222 typically stores computer-executable instructions to be executed by processor(s) 221 and/or data which is manipulated by processor(s) 221 for implementing functionality in accordance with an embodiment. Storage device(s) 223 are another type of computer-readable medium, and typically comprise solid state storage media, disk drives, diskettes, networked services, tape drives, and other storage devices. Storage device(s) 223 typically store computer-executable instructions to be executed by processor(s) 221 and/or data which is manipulated by processor(s) 221 for implementing functionality in accordance with an embodiment.

One embodiment provides new extensions to BGP to allow advertising certain attributes and functionalities related to SRv6, and end functions to process SRv6 EVPN packets.

To support various SRv6-based EVPN overlay services, one embodiment advertises SIDs using any BGP route-type. To support various SRv6-based EVPN overlay services, one embodiment advertises SIDs using a BGP route-type 1, 2, 3 and/or 5.

In one embodiment, these SIDs are advertised in a new SRv6-VPN SID TLV, which is optional transitive BGP Prefix SID attribute. This attribute serves multiple purposes. The advertising of the SRv6 SID in the SRv6-VPN SID TLV identifies that the BGP egress router is reachable via a SRv6 underlay network. In one embodiment, the BGP ingress router receiving this BGP route advertisement then encapsulates the received packet into a SRv6 packet or inserts a SRv6 SRH into a received IPv6 packet. The advertising of the SRv6 SID in the SRv6-VPN SID TLV also identifies the value of the SID or SIDs to include in the SRH of the packet. In one embodiment, a BGP speaker supporting a SRv6 underlay network distributes SIDs per route via the BGP SRv6 Attribute.

In one embodiment, a BGP Speaker (e.g., a SRv6 egress router supporting both MPLS-based EVPN and SRv6-based EVPN) populates the MPLS label fields in the EVPN route types of a route advertisement, thus providing a BGP ingress router receiving this route advertisement two different underlay networks (e.g., MPLS and SRv6) to select among to send to the egress SRv6 router (that is both MPLS and SRv6 capable). In one embodiment, a BGP Speaker (e.g., a SRv6 egress router not supporting MPLS-based EVPN but supporting SRv6-based EVPN) populates the MPLS label fields in the EVPN route types of a route advertisement to IMPLICIT-NULL, thus providing a BGP ingress router receiving this route advertisement the SRv6 routing information and informing it that it does not support MPLS-based EVPN. In this manner, ingress and egress routers no longer have to negotiate underlay network capabilities, nor use BGP Capabilities Advertisements to ensure that they both are capable of properly processing such advertised NLRI.

FIG. 3A illustrates a SRv6 Type-Length-Value (TLV) 300 according to one embodiment. As shown, SRv6 TLV 300 includes a Type field 301 (e.g., eight bits), a Length field 302 (e.g., sixteen bits) indicating the length of the value field, a Reserve field 303 (e.g., eight bits), and a value field containing SRv6 SID information 310.

FIG. 3B illustrates SRv6-SID information 310 according to one embodiment. As shown, SRv6-SID information 310 includes a SID Type Field 311 (e.g., one octet) and a SRv6 SID 320 (e.g., an 128 bit IPv6 routable address). In one embodiment, SID Type Field 311 is set to type-1 for a Layer-3 End Function. In one embodiment, SID Type Field 311 is set to type-2 for a Layer-2 End Function.

FIG. 3C illustrates SRv6-VPN encoding of a SRv6 SID 320 according to one embodiment. As shown, SRv6 SID 320 includes a Locator 321 (identifying a router to which the SID corresponds), a Function 322 (e.g., identifies processing to be performed by the router), and an optional Argument 323 for use in performing the processing. In one embodiment, the entire SRv6 320 is used in routing a packet through the network to the BGP egress router. In one embodiment, a non-fully expanded prefix of SID 320 (e.g., locator 321, locator 321 plus function 322) is used in routing a packet through the network to the BGP advertising router.

FIG. 4A illustrates a SRv6-enhanced Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) route advertisement message 400 according to one embodiment, advertising a BGP EVPN route for both SRv6 and MPLS underlay networks. As shown, BGP route advertising message 400 includes an MPLS EVPN advertisement 401 including corresponding MPLS label(s), and a SRv6 TLV 402 including a SID identifying the SRv6 End Function.

FIG. 4B illustrates a SRv6-enhanced Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) route advertisement message 410 according to one embodiment, advertising a BGP EVPN route for a SRv6 underlay network but not for an MPLS underlay network. As shown, BGP route advertising message 410 includes an MPLS EVPN advertisement 411 including Implicit Null label(s) in MPLS label field(s), and a SRv6 TLV 402 including a SID identifying the SRv6 End Function (e.g., the same SRv6 TLV 402 in both BGP advertising messages 410 (of FIG. 4B) and 400 (of FIG. 4A).

Ethernet Auto-Discovery Route Over SRv6 Core

Ethernet Auto-discovery (A-D) routes are Type-1 route type, defined in RFC 7432, and may be used to achieve split horizon filtering, fast convergence and aliasing. EVPN route type-1 is also used in EVPN-VPWS as well as in EVPN flexible cross-connect; mainly used to advertise point-to-point services id.

Multihomed PEs may advertise an Ethernet auto discovery route per Ethernet segment with the introduced ESI MPLS label extended community, defined in RFC 7432. Provider edge routers (PEs) may identify other PEs connected to the same Ethernet segment after the EVPN type-4 ES route exchange. All the multihomed PE and all remote PEs that are part of same EVI may import the auto discovery route.

In one embodiment, EVPN Route Type-1 is encoded as follows for SRv6 Core:

-   -   Route Distinguisher (RD) (e.g., eight octets),     -   Ethernet Segment Identifier (e.g., ten octets),     -   Ethernet Tag ID (e.g., eight octets), and     -   MPLS label (e.g., three octets).         For a SRv6 only BGP speaker for a SRv6 Core: SRv6-VPN SID TLV         may be advertised with the route.

EVPN Route Type-1 (Per-ES AD) Where:

-   -   BGP next-hop: IPv6 address of an egress PE     -   Ethernet Tag ID: all FFFF's     -   MPLS Label: always set to zero value     -   Extended Community: ESI label extended community         In one embodiment, a SRv6-VPN TLV is (or may be) advertised         along with the route advertisement and the behavior of the         SRv6-VPN SID is entirely up to the originator of the         advertisement. In one embodiment, the behavior is Arg.FE2.

EVPN Route Type-1 (Per-EVI AD) Where:

-   -   BGP next-hop: IPv6 address of an egress PE     -   Ethernet Tag ID: non-zero for VLAN aware bridging, EVPN VPWS and         FXC     -   MPLS Label: Implicit-Null         In one embodiment, a SRv6-VPN TLV is (or may be) be advertised         along with the route advertisement and the behavior of the         SRv6-VPN SID is entirely up to the originator of the         advertisement. In one embodiment, the behavior is End.DX2,         End.DXV2 or End.DT2U.         MAC/IP Advertisement Route (Type-2) with SRv6 Core

EVPN route type-2 is used to advertise MAC or MAC+IP address reachability for unicast traffic through MP-BGP to all other PEs in a given EVPN instance. In one embodiment, a MAC/IP Advertisement route type is encoded as follows for SRv6 Core:

-   -   Route Distinguisher (RD) (e.g., eight octets),     -   Ethernet Segment Identifier (e.g., ten octets),     -   Ethernet Tag ID (e.g., eight octets),     -   MAC Address Length (e.g., one octet),     -   MAC Address (e.g., six octets),     -   IP Address Length (e.g., one octet),     -   IP Address (e.g., zero, four or sixteen octets),     -   MPLS Label-1 (e.g., three octets), and     -   MPLS label-2 (e.g., zero or three octets).         where:     -   BGP next-hop: IPv6 address of an egress PE,     -   MPLS Label-1: Implicit-null, and     -   MPLS Label-2: Implicit-null.

In one embodiment, the SRv6-VPN SID TLV is (or may be) advertised. The behavior of the SRv6-VPN SID is entirely up to the originator of the advertisement. In one embodiment, the behavior of the SRv6 SID is as follows:

-   -   End.DX2, End.DTU2 (Layer 2 portion of the route), and     -   End.DT6/4 or End.DX6/4 (Layer 3 portion of the route).

Described below are different types of Type-2 advertisements used in one embodiment. The first type is used in Layer-2 Gateway whereas the second type is used in EVPN IRB.

-   -   MAC/IP Advertisement Route (Type-2) with MAC Only:         -   BGP next-hop: IPv6 address of egress PE,         -   MPLS Label1: Implicit-null,         -   MPLS Label2: Implicit-null, and         -   SRv6-VPN SID TLV MAY encode End.DX2 or End.DTU2 behavior.     -   MAC/IP Advertisement Route (Type-2) with MAC+IP:         -   BGP next-hop: IPv6 address of egress PE,         -   MPLS Label1: Implicit-Null,         -   MPLS Label2: Implicit-Null, and         -   SRv6-VPN SID TLV MAY encode Layer2 End.DX2 or End.DTU2             behavior and Layer3 End.DT6/4 or End.DX6/4 behavior.             Inclusive Multicast Ethernet Tag Route with SRv6 Core

EVPN route Type-3 is used to advertise multicast traffic reachability information through MP-BGP to all other PEs in a given EVPN instance.

-   -   Route Distinguisher (RD) (e.g., eight octets),     -   Ethernet Tag ID (e.g., eight octets),     -   IP Address Length (e.g., one octet), and     -   Originating Router's IP Address (e.g., 4, or 16 octets).

Where:

-   -   BGP next-hop: IPv6 address of egress PE, and     -   PMSI Tunnel Attribute (per RFC 6514).         In one embodiment, a SRv6-VPN TLV is (or may be) advertised         along with the route advertisement and the behavior of the         SRv6-VPN SID is entirely up to the originator of the         advertisement. In one embodiment, the behavior is End.DT2M.

In one embodiment, the PMSI Tunnel Attribute (see, RFC 6514) is (or may) contain MPLS implicit-null label in the case of Tunnel Type set to ingress-replication.

-   -   Flag (e.g., 1 octet),     -   Tunnel Type (e.g., 1 octet),     -   MPLS label (e.g., three octets), and     -   Tunnel Identifier (e.g., variable).

Where:

-   -   Tunnel Type (e.g., defined per RFC 6514),     -   MPLS label: Implicit-Null, and     -   Tunnel Identifier: IP address of egress PE.         In one embodiment, an Arg.FE2 argument SID is (or may) get         applied to an End.DT2M function SID to create a single SID on         the ingress PE. The result End.DT2M(FE2) SID is used as EVPN         Split-horizon mechanism as described in RFC 7432.         Ethernet Segment Route with SRv6 Core

In one embodiment, EVPN route type-4 is used to discover PE participating to the same redundancy group. It is also used in Designated Forwarder (DF) election procedure. In one embodiment, an Ethernet Segment route type is encoded as follows for SRv6 Core:

-   -   Route Distinguisher (RD) (e.g., eight octets),     -   Ethernet Tag ID (e.g., eight octets),     -   IP Address Length (e.g., one octet), and     -   Originating Router's IP Address (e.g., 4, or 16 octets).

Where:

-   -   BGP next-hop: IPv6 address of egress PE.         In one embodiment, SRv6-VPN TLV is advertised along with the         route. In one embodiment, SRv6-VPN TLV is not advertised along         with the route. The processing of that route has not changed; it         remains as described in RFC 7432.         IP Prefix Router (Type-5) with SRv6 Core

In one embodiment, EVPN route Type-5 is used to advertise IP address reachability through MP-BGP to all other PEs in a given EVPN instance. The IP address may include host IP prefix or any specific subnet. EVPN route Type-5 is defined in ietf-bess-evpn-prefix-advertisement-05. In one embodiment, the encoding is as follows:

-   -   Route Distinguisher (RD) (e.g., eight octets),     -   Ethernet Segment Identifier (e.g., ten octets),     -   Ethernet Tag ID (e.g., eight octets),     -   IP Prefix Length (e.g., one octet),     -   IP Prefix (e.g., six octets),     -   GW Address (e.g., four or sixteen octets), and     -   MPLS Label (e.g., three octets),         where:     -   BGP next-hop: IPv6 address of an egress PE, and     -   MPLS Label: Implicit-null.         In one embodiment, SRv6-VPN SID TLV is (or may be) advertised.         The behavior of the SRv6-VPN SID is entirely up to the         originator of the advertisement. In one embodiment, the behavior         of the SRv6 SID is an End.DT6/4 or End.DX6/4.

Multicast Related Routes (EVPN Route Type-6, Type-7, Type-8)

In one embodiment, these routes do not require any additional SRv6-VPN TLV. In one embodiment, as per EVPN route-type 4, the BGP nexthop is equal to the IPv6 address of egress PE.

SRv6 END Functions Associated with a Local SID

The following describes end functions performed by an egress router in response to receiving a SRv6 packet including an advertised SID. The end function is typically determined by the function portion of the SID.

End.DX2: Endpoint with Decapsulation and Layer-2 Cross-Connect

One embodiment uses the “Endpoint with decapsulation and Layer-2 cross-connect to OIF” function (End.DX2 for short). When N receives a packet destined to S and S is a local End.DX2 SID, N does:

IF NH=SRH and SL > 0  drop the packet ;; Ref1 ELSE IF ENH = 59 ;; Ref2  pop the (outer)IPv6 header and its extension headers  forward the resulting frame via OIF associated to the local SID ELSE  drop the packet

Where:

-   -   Ref1: An End.DX2 SID must always be the last SID, or it can be         the Destination Address of an IPv6 packet with no SRH header.     -   Ref2: The next-header value 59 is allocated to IPv6 No Next         Header per RFC 2460. When the SID is of function End.DX2 and the         Next-Header is 59, an Ethernet frame is in the payload without         any further header.         In one embodiment, an End.DX2 function is customized to expect a         specific VLAN format and rewrite the egress VLAN header before         forwarding on the outgoing interface. In one embodiment, the         End.DX2 is used for L2VPN point-to-point use-cases.         End.DXV2: Endpoint with Decapsulation and Specific VLAN L2 Table         Lookup

One embodiment uses the “Endpoint with decapsulation and specific VLAN L2 table lookup” function (End.DXV2 for short). When N receives a packet destined to S and S is a local End.DXV2 SID, N does:

IF NH=SRH and SL > 0    drop the packet ;; Ref1 ELSE IF ENH = 59 ;; Ref2    pop the (outer)IPv6 header and its extension headers    lookup the exposed inner VLANs in L2 table T     forward via the matched table entry ELSE     drop the packet

Where:

-   -   Ref1: An End.DXV2 SID must always be the last SID, or it can be         the Destination Address of an IPv6 packet with no SRH header.     -   Ref2: The next-header value 59 is allocated to IPv6 No Next         Header per RFC 2460. When the SID is of function End.DXV2 and         the Next-Header is 59, an Ethernet frame is in the payload         without any further header.         In one embodiment, an End.DXV2 function is customized to expect         a specific VLAN format and rewrite the egress VLAN header before         forwarding on the outgoing interface. In one embodiment, the         End.DXV2 is used for EVPN Flexible cross-connect use-cases. The         table lookup support dot1q, dot1ad with single and double tags.         End.DT2U: Endpoint with Decapsulation and Specific Unicast MAC         L2 Table Lookup

One embodiment uses the “Endpoint with decapsulation and specific unicast MAC L2 table lookup” function (End.DT2U for short). When N receives a packet destined to S and S is a local End.DT2U SID, N does:

IF NH=SRH and SL > 0    drop the packet ;; Ref1 ELSE IF ENH = 59 ;; Ref2    pop the (outer)IPv6 header and its extension headers    learn he exposed inner MAC SA in L2 table T ;; Ref3    lookup the exposed inner MAC DA in L2 table T    forward via the matched table entry ELSE    drop the packet

Where:

-   -   Ref1: An End. DT2U SID must always be the last SID, or it can be         the Destination Address of an IPv6 packet with no SRH header.     -   Ref2: The next-header value 59 is allocated to IPv6 No Next         Header per RFC 2460. When the SID is of function End. DT2U and         the Next-Header is 59, an Ethernet frame is in the payload         without any further header.     -   Ref3: In EVPN, the learning of the exposed inner MAC SA is done         via control plane.         In one embodiment, the End.DT2U is used for EVPN Bridging         unicast use cases.         End.DT2M: Endpoint with Decapsulation and Specific L2 Table         Flooding

One embodiment uses the “Endpoint with decapsulation and specific L2 table flooding” function (End.DT2M for short). When N receives a packet destined to S and S is a local End.DT2M SID, N does:

IF NH=SRH and SL > 0    drop the packet ;; Ref1 ELSE IF ENH = 59 ;; Ref2    pop the (outer)IPv6 header and its extension headers    learn the exposed inner MAC SA in L2 table T ;; Ref3    forward based on all OIF in L2 table T ELSE    drop the packet

Where:

-   -   Ref1: An End. DT2M SID must always be the last SID, or it can be         the Destination Address of an IPv6 packet with no SRH header.     -   Ref2: The next-header value 59 is allocated to IPv6 No Next         Header per RFC 2460. When the SID is of function End. DT2U and         the Next-Header is 59, an Ethernet frame is in the payload         without any further header.     -   Ref3: In EVPN, the learning of the exposed inner MAC SA is done         via control plane.         The End.DT2M is used for EVPN Bridging BUM use cases.

Arg.FE2: L2 Argument Specific to EVPN ESI Filtering

One embodiment uses the “L2 argument specific to EVPN ESI filtering” (Arg.FE2 for short) which is an argument of End.DT2M endpoint function. The Arg.FE2 argument is used to exclude a specific OIF from L2 table T flooding. The Arg.FE2 SID is merged with an End.DT2M function by bit ORing operation to form an End.DT2M(FE2)single SID. In one embodiment, the End.DT2M is used for EVPN Bridging with ESI filtering use cases.

End.DT2M: Endpoint with Decapsulation and Specific L2 Table Flooding with Argument

One embodiment uses the “Endpoint with decapsulation and specific L2 table flooding with argument” function (End.DT2M(FE2) for short). When N receives a packet destined to S and S is a local End.DT2M SID, N does:

IF NH=SRH and SL > 0    drop the packet ;; Ref1 ELSE IF ENH = 59 ;; Ref2    pop the (outer)IPv6 header and its extension headers    learn the exposed inner MAC SA in L2 table T ;; Ref3    forward based on all OIF excluding the one specified by       ARGUMENT in L2 table T ELSE    drop the packet

Where:

-   -   Ref1: An End. DT2M SID must always be the last SID, or it can be         the Destination Address of an IPv6 packet with no SRH header.     -   Ref2: The next-header value 59 is allocated to IPv6 No Next         Header per RFC 2460. When the SID is of function End. DT2U and         the Next-Header is 59, an Ethernet frame is in the payload         without any further header.     -   Ref3: In EVPN, the learning of the exposed inner MAC SA is done         via control plane.         The End.DT2M(FE2) is used for EVPN Bridging with ESI filtering         use cases.         End.DX6: Endpoint with Decapsulation and IPv6 Cross-Connect

One embodiment uses the “Endpoint with decapsulation and cross-connect to an array of IPv6 adjacencies” function (End.DX6 for short). When N receives a packet destined to S and S is a local End.DX6 SID, N does:

IF NH=SRH and SL > 0    drop the packet ;; Ref1 ELSE IF ENH = 41 ;; Ref2    pop the (outer)IPv6 header and its extension headers    forward to layer-3 adjacency bound to the SID S ;; Ref3 ELSE    drop the packet

Where:

-   -   Ref1: An End. DX6 SID must always be the last SID, or it can be         the Destination Address of an IPv6 packet with no SRH header.     -   Ref2: 41 refers to IPv6 encapsulation as defined by IANA         allocation for Internet Protocol Numbers.     -   Ref3: Selected based on a hash of the packet's header (at least         SA, DA, Flow Label in one embodiment).         One of the applications of the End.DX6 function of one         embodiment is the L3VPN use-case where a FIB lookup in a         specific tenant table at the egress PE is not required.         End.DX4: Endpoint with Decapsulation and IPv4 Cross-Connect

One embodiment uses the “Endpoint with decapsulation and cross-connect to an array of IPv4 adjacencies” function (End.DX4 for short). When N receives a packet destined to S and S is a local End.DX4 SID, N does:

IF NH=SRH and SL > 0    drop the packet ;; Ref1 ELSE IF ENH = 4 ;; Ref2    pop the (outer)IPv6 header and its extension headers    forward to layer-3 adjacency bound to the SID S ;; Ref3 ELSE    drop the packet

Where:

-   -   Ref1: An End. DX4 SID must always be the last SID, or it can be         the Destination Address of an IPv6 packet with no SRH header.     -   Ref2: 4 refers to IPv4 encapsulation as defined by IANA         allocation for Internet Protocol Numbers.     -   Ref3: Selected based on a hash of the packet's header (at least         SA, DA, Flow Label in one embodiment).         One of the applications of the End.DX4 function of one         embodiment is the L3VPN use-case where a FIB lookup in a         specific tenant table at the egress PE is not required.         End.DT6: Endpoint with Decapsulation and Specific IPv6 Table         Lookup

One embodiment uses the “Endpoint with decapsulation and specific IPv6 table lookup” function (End.DT6 for short). When N receives a packet destined to S and S is a local End.DT6 SID, N does:

IF NH=SRH and SL > 0    drop the packet ;; Ref1 ELSE IF ENH = 41 ;; Ref2    pop the (outer)IPv6 header and its extension headers    lookup the exposed inner IPv6 DA in IPv6 table T    forward via the matched table entry ELSE    drop the packet

Where:

-   -   Ref1: An End. DT6 SID must always be the last SID, or it can be         the Destination Address of an IPv6 packet with no SRH header.     -   Ref2: 41 refers to IPv6 encapsulation as defined by IANA         allocation for Internet Protocol Numbers.         One of the applications of the End.DT6 function of one         embodiment is the L3VPN use-case where a FIB lookup in a         specific tenant table at the egress PE is required. Note that an         End.DT6 may be defined for the main IPv6 table in which case and         End.DT6 supports the equivalent of an IPv6inIPv6 decaps (without         VPN/tenant implication).         End.DT4: Endpoint with Decapsulation and Specific IPv4 Table         Lookup

One embodiment uses the “Endpoint with decapsulation and specific IPv4 table lookup” function (End.DT4 for short). When N receives a packet destined to S and S is a local End.DT4 SID, N does:

IF NH=SRH and SL > 0    drop the packet ;; Ref1 ELSE IF ENH = 4 ;; Ref2    pop the (outer)IPv6 header and its extension headers    lookup the exposed inner IPv4 DA in IPv4 table T    forward via the matched table entry ELSE    drop the packet

Where:

-   -   Ref1: An End. DT4 SID must always be the last SID, or it can be         the Destination Address of an IPv6 packet with no SRH header.     -   Ref2: 4 refers to IPv4 encapsulation as defined by IANA         allocation for Internet Protocol Numbers.         One of the applications of the End.DT4 function of one         embodiment is the L3VPN use-case where a FIB lookup in a         specific tenant table at the egress PE is required. Note that an         End.DT4 may be defined for the main IPv4 table in which case and         End.DT4 supports the equivalent of an IPv4inIPv6 decaps (without         VPN/tenant implication).         T.Encaps.L2: Transit with Encapsulation of L2 Frames

In one embodiment, T.Encaps.L2 encapsulates the received L2 frame (i.e. the received Ethernet header and its optional VLAN header is in the payload of the outer packet). If the outer header is pushed without SRH then the DA must be a SID of type End.DX2, End.DXV2, End.DT2U or End.DT2M and the next-header must be 59 (IPv6 NoNextHeader). The received Ethernet frame follows the IPv6 header and its extension headers. Else, if the outer header is pushed with a SRH, then the last SID of the SRH must be of type End.DX2, End.DXV2, End.DT2U or End.DT2M and the next-header of the SRH must be 59 (IPv6 NoNextHeader). The received Ethernet frame follows the IPv6 header and its extension headers.

In one embodiment, T.Encaps.L2 encapsulates the received L2 frame as follows. ;; Ref1 IF outer header is pushed without SRH

-   -   IPv6 DA must be a SID of type Layer-2;; Ref2     -   IPv6 Next-header equals 59 (IPv6 NoNextHeader)     -   received L2 frame follows IPv6 header         ELSE (i.e. outer header is pushed with IPv6+SRH)     -   The 0th SID of the SRH must be a SID of type Layer-2;; Ref2     -   SRH Next-Header equals 59 (IPv6 NoNextHeader)     -   received L2 frame follows IPv6 header and its extension headers

Where:

-   -   Ref1: received L2 frame=received Ethernet header and its         optional VLAN header.     -   Ref2: 4 Layer-2=End.DX2, End.DX2V, End.DT2U or End.DT2M.

Error Handling of BGP SRv6 SID Updates

In one embodiment, when a BGP Speaker receives a BGP Update message containing a malformed SRv6-VPN SID TLV, it ignores the received BGP attributes and does not pass it to other BGP peers. This is equivalent to the—attribute discard—action specified in RFC 7606. In one embodiment, when discarding an attribute, a BGP speaker logs or does not log an error for further analysis.

Concluding Paragraph.

In view of the many possible embodiments to which the principles of the disclosure may be applied, it will be appreciated that the embodiments and aspects thereof described herein with respect to the drawings/figures are only illustrative and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the disclosure. For example, and as would be apparent to one skilled in the art, many of the process block operations can be re-ordered to be performed before, after, or substantially concurrent with other operations. Also, many different forms of data structures could be used in various embodiments. The disclosure as described herein contemplates all such embodiments as may come within the scope of the following claims and equivalents thereof. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A method, comprising: advertising, in a network via a particular route advertisement message of a routing protocol, a particular route associated with a particular Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) Segment Routing (SRv6) Segment Identifier (SID), with the SID including a locator of a particular router and a function encoding representing a particular Ethernet Virtual Private Network (EVPN) end function of the particular router, with the particular SID including a routable prefix to the particular router; receiving, by the particular router, a particular packet including the particular SID; and in response to said received particular packet including the particular SID, the particular router performing the particular EVPN end function on the particular packet.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the particular packet includes a Segment Routing Header (SRH) including the particular SID as the currently active SID.
 3. The method of claim 1, comprising: receiving an advertisement of the particular route being associated with the particular SID by an ingress router in the network; receiving an Ethernet frame by the ingress router; encapsulating the Ethernet frame into the particular packet by the ingress router; and sending the particular packet into the network by the ingress router; wherein said performing the particular EVPN end function on the particular packet includes decapsulating the Ethernet frame from the packet and sending the Ethernet frame from the particular router.
 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the particular router and a second router in the network are multihomed to a same Ethernet segment or node; wherein the particular SID includes a particular argument including a representation of a particular Ethernet Segment Identifier (ESI); and wherein said sending the Ethernet frame from the particular router includes sending the Ethernet frame from the particular router on one or more corresponding Layer 2 output interfaces except the Layer 2 output interface identified by the particular ESI.
 5. The method of claim 3, wherein the particular router and a second router in the network are multihomed to a same Ethernet segment or node; wherein the particular SID includes a particular argument including a representation of a particular Ethernet Segment Identifier (ESI); and wherein said performing the particular EVPN end function on the particular packet includes determining not to send the Ethernet frame from a Layer 2 output interface identified by the particular ESI.
 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the second router and the ingress router are the same routers.
 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the routing protocol is Border Gateway Protocol, and the particular route advertising message advertises a BGP route type 1, 2, 3, or 5, and associated with a particular SRv6-VPN Type Length Value (TLV) including the particular SID.
 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the particular route advertising message includes advertising the particular route being associated with one or more BGP Multiprotocol Label Switching-based (MPLS-based) EVPN labels for which to use in an MPLS packet to invoke corresponding BGP MPLS-based EVPN functionality on a corresponding MPLS packet by the particular router.
 9. The method of claim 8, comprising: receiving, by an ingress router, an advertisement of the particular route being associated with both the particular SID and said one or more MPLS-EVPN labels; receiving an Ethernet frame by the ingress router; encapsulating the Ethernet frame into the particular packet by the ingress router; and sending the particular packet into the network by the ingress router; wherein said performing the particular EVPN end function on the particular packet includes decapsulating the Ethernet frame from the packet and sending the Ethernet frame from the particular router.
 10. The method of claim 9, comprising: receiving, by a second ingress router, an advertisement of the particular route being associated with both the particular SID and said one or more MPLS-EVPN labels; receiving a second Ethernet frame by the second ingress router; encapsulating the second Ethernet frame into a particular MPLS packet by the second ingress router; sending the particular MPLS packet into the network by the second ingress router; and performing said corresponding BGP MPLS-based EVPN functionality on the particular MPLS packet which includes decapsulating the second Ethernet frame from the particular MPLS packet and sending the second Ethernet frame from the particular router.
 11. The method of claim 7, wherein the particular route advertising message includes an implicit null label in each of one or more BGP Multiprotocol Label Switching-based (MPLS-based) EVPN label fields identifying that BGP MPLS-based EVPN is not supported by the particular router while SRv6 EVPN is supported by the particular router as identified by the SRv6-VPN TLV.
 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the SID is a 128-bit IPv6 address.
 13. A method, comprising: receiving, by an ingress router in a network, a particular route advertisement message of a routing protocol advertising a particular route associated with a particular Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) Segment Routing (SRv6) Segment Identifier (SID), with the SID including a locator of a particular router and a function encoding representing a particular Ethernet Virtual Private Network (EVPN) end function of the particular router, with the particular SID including a routable prefix to the particular router; receiving a particular Ethernet frame by the ingress router; determining the SID should be associated with the Ethernet frame; encapsulating the particular Ethernet frame in a particular packet including the SID by the ingress router; and sending the particular packet from the ingress router.
 14. The method of claim 13, comprising: receiving the particular packet by the particular router; and in response to said received particular packet including the particular SID, the particular router performing the particular EVPN end function identified on the particular packet, which includes decapsulating the Ethernet frame from the packet and sending the Ethernet frame from the particular router.
 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the particular router and a second router in the network are multihomed to a same Ethernet segment or node; wherein the particular SID includes a particular argument including a representation of a particular Ethernet Segment Identifier (ESI); and wherein said performing the particular EVPN end function on the particular packet includes determining not to send the Ethernet frame from a Layer 2 output interface identified by the particular ESI.
 16. The method of claim 13, wherein the routing protocol is Border Gateway Protocol, and the particular route advertising message advertises a BGP route type 1, 2, 3, or 5, and associated with a particular SRv6-VPN Type Length Value (TLV) including the particular SID.
 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the particular route advertising message includes one or more BGP Multiprotocol Label Switching-based (MPLS-based) EVPN labels for which to use in an MPLS packet to invoke corresponding BGP MPLS-based EVPN functionality on a corresponding MPLS packet by the particular router; and wherein the method comprises the further limitations of: receiving, by a second ingress router, an advertisement of the particular route being associated with both the particular SID and said one or more MPLS-EVPN labels; receiving a second Ethernet frame by the second ingress router; encapsulating the second Ethernet frame into a particular MPLS packet particular packet by the second ingress router; sending the particular MPLS packet into the network by the second ingress router; and performing said corresponding BGP MPLS-based EVPN functionality on the particular MPLS packet which includes decapsulating the second Ethernet frame from the particular MPLS packet and sending the second Ethernet frame from the particular router.
 18. The method of claim 16, wherein the particular route advertising message includes an implicit null label in each of one or more BGP Multiprotocol Label Switching-based (MPLS-based) EVPN label fields identifying that BGP MPLS-based EVPN is not supported by the particular router while SRv6 EVPN is supported by the particular router as identified by the SRv6-VPN TLV.
 19. An apparatus, comprising: one or more hardware interfaces sending and receiving packets in a network; and one or more network processors with memory associated therewith; wherein the apparatus performs packet processing operations including segment routing-capable (SR-capable) packet processing operations, with said packet processing operations including: advertising, via a particular route advertisement message of a routing protocol, a particular route associated with a particular Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) Segment Routing (SRv6) Segment Identifier (SID), with the SID including a locator of the apparatus and a function encoding representing a particular Ethernet Virtual Private Network (EVPN) end function of the apparatus, with the particular SID including a routable prefix to the apparatus; receiving a particular packet including the particular SID; and performing the particular EVPN end function on the particular packet in response to said received particular packet including the particular SID.
 20. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the routing protocol is Border Gateway Protocol, and the particular route advertising message advertises a BGP route type 1, 2, 3, or 5, and associated with a particular SRv6-VPN Type Length Value (TLV) including the particular SID. 